10 Stuff you Didn’t Know About Nicotine

Nicotine, a chemical most commonly perfectly located at the plants in the Solanaceae family, is an alkaloid which is found accumulated from the leaves of such plants, although the biosynthesis on this chemical occurs in the roots in the plants. Nicotine is amongst the major aspects of addictive plants like tobacco (0.6%-3.0%) which is the real reason for their addiction in humans due to its psychoactive nature.

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1. Etymology

The name nicotine emanates from the scientific name in the tobacco plant Nicotiana tabacum. The scientific name in the tobacco plant is itself named in france they ambassador to Portugal Jean Nicot de Villemain. Villeman is credited for sending tobacco seeds and plant saplings to Paris in 1560 due to the use within medicinal purposes.

2. Extraction

Nicotine was basically purchased from the tobacco plant by German physician Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich Posselt and chemist Karl Ludwig Reimann in 1828. After its discovery Posselt and Reimann labelled it a poison. In fact nicotine is an antiherbivore chemical, which in turn causes addiction when consumed in moderateness (1mg or less) and death if used high amounts (30mg-60mg).

3. Chemistry

Nicotine is an alkaloid together with the chemical formula C10H14N2. Its IUPAC name is 3[2,5-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine. It has a molecular mass of 162.12g/mol. Nicotine is a hygroscopic liquid that is miscible with water being a nitrogenous base. Its density is 1.01g/cm3, melting point -79oC and boiling point 247oC. The nicotine molecule carries a half time of Two hours as well as metabolism is hepatic. Nicotine is also optically active and has two enantiomeric forms.

4. Nicotine being an insecticide

As already said nicotine is an antiherbivore drug which if used large amounts is fatal to life forms. That’s the reason nicotine laden tobacco was used being an insecticide before the planet War II. But as soon as the WWII its usage drastically lowered because of the accessibility to cheap synthetic insecticides for the best easily obtainable than tobacco and much less damaging to mammals. But also in the present times the hype surrounding organic farming has again increased the eye in the farmers from the usage of tobacco being a pesticide being an alternate to chemical pesticides.

5. Nicotine addiction

Our neurological system has certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine binds to a few of such and increases the quantity of several neurotransmitters. Of these neurotransmitters dopamine is one such neurotransmitter that is significantly increased during nicotine use which is in charge of a feeling of euphoria and relaxation due to using tobacco (nicotine) products.

6. Psychoactive results of nicotine

Nicotine is a psychoactive substance since it is mood altering. It causes both euphoria and relaxation. In the body nicotine is metabolised from the liver. First after its metabolism nicotine results in the making of glucose from the liver and epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. This sudden launch of glucose and epinephrine causes euphoria as soon as the use of nicotine. After the initial euphoria nicotine contributes to relaxation, increased alertness and sharpness by working on different neurotransmitters in the body. Nicotine also offers pain relieving properties.

7. Unwanted effects of nicotine intake

Tough it appears as though nicotine is a superb substance to boost one’s sharpness, induce calmness and elevate one’s mood there are other negative areas of nicotine intake than positive. Of these the commonest unwanted effects of nicotine intake are a greater likelihood of hypertension and heart attacks. It’s sad that every cigarette that a man smokes reduces his life span by 14 years. Moreover since nicotine has been seen to affect the working of Estrogen on hippocampus, hence in the long run nicotine users are prone to amnesia and other connected diseases.

8. Toxicity

Nicotine is recognized as more toxic than most typical drugs like heroin and cocaine. More harm is performed by nicotine for the body which is readily absorbed from the bloodstream and reaches the mind through the lungs within 7 seconds of its intake either orally or as nicotine patches.

9. Utilization of nicotine in medical science

Though nicotine is not an doctor’s closest friend, it can be though not his worst foe. Nicotine noted for its pain relieving properties will be researched upon to be utilized being a potential prescribed analgesic minus its nasty effects. Nicotine been specifically found to scale back preeclampsia, allergic asthma; amongst others by becoming an anti-inflammatory agent.

10. Nicotine in literature

Nicotine has become personified in popular literature as Nick O’ Teen, a humanoid villainous character in Superman comics that has been created in anti-nicotine drive to coach children concerning the ill-effects of nicotine intake in any form.
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