Cigarette filter

A Cigarette filter is part of the cigarette, as well as cigarette paper, capsules and adhesives. The filter could possibly be created from cellulose acetate fibre, paper or activated charcoal (either like a cavity filter or embedded into the cellulose acetate). Macroporous phenol-formaldehyde resins and asbestos have been employed in cigarette filters The acetate and paper customize the particulate smoke phase by particle retention (filtration), and finely divided carbon modifies the gaseous phase (adsorption). Filters is able to reduce “tar” and nicotine smoke yields around 50%, using a greater removal rate for other classes of compounds (e.g., phenols), however are ineffective in filtering toxins including dangerous. Most factory-made cigarettes are equipped with a filter; people who roll their particular can get them coming from a tobacconist.

Cellulose acetate is manufactured by esterifying bleached cotton or wood pulp with acetic acid. With the three cellulose hydroxy groups designed for esterification, between two and three are esterified by controlling the volume of acid (level of substitution (DS) 2.35-2.55). The ester is spun into fibers and formed into bundles called filter tow. Flavors (menthol), sweeteners, softeners (triacetin), flame retardants (sodium tungstate), breakable capsules releasing flavors at will, and additives colouring the cigarette smoke may be included with cigarette filters. The five largest manufactures of filter tow are Hoechst-Celanese and Eastman Chemicals in the us, Rhodia Acetow in Germany, Daicel in Japan, and Courtaulds in the United Kingdom.

Starch glues or emulsion-based adhesives can be used gluing cigarette seams. Hot-melt and emulsion-based adhesives can be used for filter seams. Emulsion-based adhesives are used for bonding the filters to the cigarettes.

Cellulose acetate is non-toxic, odorless, tasteless, and weakly flammable. It can be resistance against weak acids and is also largely stable to mineral and fatty oils and also petroleum. It really is biodegradable and the raw material is a renewable natural polymer anticipated to find application for other uses in the foreseeable future. Smoked cigarette butts contain 5-7 mg nicotine (about 25% with the total cigarette nicotine content), children ingesting >2 whole cigarettes, 6 cigarette butts or a total of 0.5 mg/kg of nicotine needs to be admitted to a hospital. Cellulose acetate is hydrophilic and retains the water-soluble smoke constituents, of which the majority are irritating (acids, alkali, aldehydes, and phenols), while letting with the lipophilic aromatic compounds.
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